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Bowen v. Kendrick
''Bowen v. Kendrick'', , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of the Adolescent Family Life Act.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/487/589/case.html )〕
== Background ==
The Adolescent Family Life Act was implemented by the United States Congress in 1981 as an amendment to the Public Health Service Act.〔Solomon-Fears, Carmen. Reducing Teen Pregnancy: Adolescent Family Life and Abstinence Education Programs. Accessed 25 Mar. 2015. http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/crsreports/crsdocuments/RS2087310042004.pdf〕 The purpose behind this statute was to combat the social and economic consequences associated with pregnancy and childbirth among unmarried youths. The statute sought to achieve this goal by promoting “… adolescent premarital sexual abstinence, adoption as an alternative to early parenting, parenting and child development education, and comprehensive health, education, and social services…”〔 In order to effectively promote these behaviors and services, the statute permitted federal funds to go toward public and private organizations that offer services and research toward premarital adolescent sexual relations and pregnancy. One of the statute’s provisions required that AFLA grants may not be given to programs that provide abortion counseling, nor to programs that promote abortion as a valid means of birth control.〔Valle-Peters, Mariangela. "Adolescent Family Life Act." American Civil Liberties. Accessed 25 Mar. 2015. http://uscivilliberties.org/legislation-and-legislative-action/3042-adolescent-family-life-act.html〕
In 1983, a group of federal taxpayers, clergymen, and the American Jewish Congress filed suit against Otis R. Bowen, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, arguing that the Adolescent Family Life Act violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.〔 The Establishment Clause forbids Congress from passing laws “… respecting an establishment of religion…” As a result of the AFLA, federal grants were distributed to religious organizations that encourage adolescents to refrain from involvement in sexual relationships. The plaintiffs argued that federal funds directed towards religiously affiliated organizations have the effect of advancing religion and thus are unconstitutional.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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